The new US sanctions against Russia, following EU economic penalties, for the first time targeted Russia’s Sherbank, dealings with Rostec, a big Russian technology and defense conglomerate, and five state-owned defense technology firms: OAO Dolgoprudny Research Production Enterprise, Mytishchinski Mashinostroitelny Zavod OAO, Kalinin Machine Plant JSC, Almaz-Antey GSKB, and JSC NIIP. Oil industry sanctions will affect the exploration and production of Russian deepwater, Arctic offshore and shale projects by five Russian energy companies: Gazprom, Gazprom Neft, Lukoil, Surgutneftegas and Rosneft.