President Xi Jinping of China said in April that China is capable of responding to the militarization of space by the United States and other countries. In the meantime, Xi is committed to allocating more budget so that the military has the power to counter threats posed by various space deployments.
The Strategic Assessment 2013 pointed out that threats coming from the placement and development of weaponry and military technology in outer space include space reconnaissance and surveillance, limited or deprived freedom in space operations, and space-to-land attacks.
At present, the United States and Japan are proactively extending their cooperation in forming a real-time space-to-Earth combat system, which has threatened China's important political, economic and military strongholds.
Russia and China have signed a memorandum of understanding to work together in the area of satellite navigation. The countries plan to build the GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and Beidou Navigation Satellite System in each other's territory.
The Russian Federal Space Agency has requested permission to build eight ground stations in the United States, which was rejected by the country citing national security concerns. However, the United States has set up more than ten ground stations for GPS in Russia. Russia announced in May that it will suspend military signals to be sent through the stations in Russia from June 1 and plans to completely shut down the stations from Sept. 1 if the two sides fail to reach an agreement.
Additionally, China and Russia will cooperate in areas, such as terrestrial GPS reception equipment and other related infrastructure. Such cooperation will improve the development and application of long-range precision weapons that require satellite positioning and navigation and will also shatter the market structure of the US GPS-led precision guided weapons.
A new world in which a China-Russia guided weapon system competes with a US-Japan guided weapon system will likely be formed as a result.
In response to Russia and China's rising threat of space militarization, Japan has removed provisions that restrict space development for peace purposes in 2012. In the meantime, it has also strengthened its cooperation with the United States and the United Kingdom in space technology.
In addition, Japan will launch nine marine reconnaissance satellites to protect Japanese vessels on the sea. Japan's aerospace defense forces are purchasing radars and telescope equipment and working with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to share obtained information with the United States and the United Kingdom.
Japan will also work with the United States to monitor Chinese vessels on the sea through satellites, and strengthening their cooperation over the Guidelines for Japan-US Defense Cooperation.
With intensifying US-China competition globally, worsening US-Russia ties and escalating tension between China and Japan, the competition between China-Russia and US-Japan has emerged and is reflected in the militarization of space.