
With cutting-edge anti-missile systems and two new submarines that can carry  nuclear weapons, Israel is readying a new generation of armaments designed to  defend itself against distant Iran as well as Tehran's proxy armies on its  borders.
Having failed to crush Hamas' firepower in its Gaza offensive  last winter, or Hezbollah's in its 2006 war in Lebanon, Israel is turning to an  increasingly sophisticated mix of defensive technology.
A system that can  unleash a metallic cloud to shoot down incoming rockets in the skies over Gaza  or Lebanon has already been successfully tested, according to its maker, and is  expected to be deployed next year. The army is developing a new generation of  its Arrow defense system designed to shoot down Iran's long-range Shihab  missiles outside the Earth's atmosphere.
It has three German-made Dolphin  submarines and is buying two more. They can be equipped with nuclear-tipped  missiles which analysts say could be stationed off the coast of Iran. Israel  says Iran, despite its denials, is trying to acquire atomic weapons. It has  never confirmed its Dolphin fleet has nuclear capabilities, but senior officials  acknowledge that commanders are fast at work devising a strike plan in case  diplomacy fails.
The missile projects have their critics in Israel, who  question their effectiveness and say they are too costly. And many Israelis  would probably agree with U.S. former President Bill Clinton's recent warning to  an Israeli audience that the country could achieve true security only by making  peace with its enemies, who he said would always be able to improve their  ability to attack.
"The trajectory of technology is not your friend," he  said. "You need to get this done."
Under their overarching fear of  nuclear annihilation by Iran, whose regime has repeatedly called for Israel's  extinction, the more immediate threat is seen as coming from Iranian-backed  Hezbollah and Hamas.
Israel's military believes Hezbollah has tripled its  prewar arsenal to more than 40,000 rockets, some of which can strike virtually  anywhere in Israel — a dramatic improvement over the short-range missiles fired  in 2006.
Hamas has also increased its rocket arsenal since last winter's  fighting, said a senior military official who spoke on condition of anonymity in  accordance with army regulations. Hamas recently test-fired a rocket that can  travel up to 60 kilometers (40 miles), putting the Tel Aviv area within range  for the first time, according to Maj. Gen. Amos Yadlin, Israel's military  intelligence chief.
Israel's defense industry says it is close to  deploying Iron Dome, a system that will use cameras and radar to track incoming  rockets and shoot them down within seconds of their launch. The system is so  sophisticated that it can almost instantly predict where a rocket will land,  changing its calculations to account for wind, sun and other conditions in  fractions of a second.
Shooting down a missile is a bit like stopping a  bullet with a bullet. But Eyal Ron, one of Iron Dome's developers, said his  system will fire an interceptor that explodes into a cloud of small pieces which  make it unnecessary to score a direct hit.
"It's a great advantage  because to bring an interceptor to a target flying at incredible speed to an  exact point is very hard," said Ron, a specialist at mPrest Systems Ltd., an  Israeli software firm developing the system along with local arms giant  Rafael.
He said recent tests in Israel's southern desert were successful,  and a final dress rehearsal is expected in December before the system goes live  next year.
While Israelis who have endured years of rocket fire from Gaza  are sure to welcome Iron Dome, the system does not have wall-to-wall  support.
"Maybe it will be good during times like this when you have 10  rockets, but not for a war. If you invest in such a system, I think you're going  to go bankrupt," said Gabriel Saboni, the head of the military research program  at Israel's Institute for National Security Studies.
Iron Dome is one  part of a larger strategy that includes more tanks and dozens of new armored  personnel carriers equipped with technology to repel anti-tank  missiles.
The ultimate trump card is a nuclear arsenal Israel refuses to  acknowledge but which no one doubts exists.
The strategy that became  obvious in the Lebanon and Gaza wars was simply one of overwhelming force to  deter further attack. 
This policy appears to have bought Israel a  fragile calm on both its northern and southern borders, but it has come at a  heavy price. 
The military brass are deeply concerned that international  criticism of Israel's conduct of the Gaza war, including allegations of war  crimes contained in a high-profile U.N. report, will tie their hands in the  future. 
Military officials speaking on condition of anonymity said large  resources are going into developing increasingly accurate weapons, such as bombs  that cause damage over a smaller area and noisemaking explosions that scare away  civilians before real bombs are dropped. 
Few expect the current quiet to  last indefinitely, and muscle-flexing on all sides attests to the elusiveness of  a peaceful Middle East. 
Iran is conducting large-scale air defense war  games this week designed to protect its nuclear facilities from attack. Israel  recently moved warships through the Red Sea toward Iran, and three weeks ago the  Israeli navy captured a ship, the Francop, that it said was carrying a huge  cache of Iranian weapons bound for Hezbollah. 
Last week Netanyahu  boarded a Dolphin submarine and then the missile ship that led the capture of  the Francop. He thanked crew members for seizing the haul and told them that  Israel is Iran's first target, "but not the last" — reflecting his contention  that Iranian ambitions are not just an Israeli problem.