
President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran and President Bashar Assad of Syria  reconfirmed the close alliance between their two countries during the Iranian  president's visit to Damascus this week.
Ahmadinejad's visit came on the  eve of the return of two senior US officials, Jeffrey Feltman and Daniel  Shapiro, to Damascus. Their visit is part of ongoing US efforts at engagement  with Syria. The tone struck by Ahmadinejad and Assad this week, however, did not  suggest a mood for compromise.
Syrian President Bashar Assad, in his address to the joint press conference held by the two presidents after their meeting, accurately summed up the Iranian-Syrian alliance as based upon both "principles and interests."
It is sometimes suggested that the Syrian-Iranian alliance is a marriage of  convenience between two essentially incompatible regimes. This view is  incorrect. The alliance is of long standing, is rooted in shared interests and  expresses itself in a shared ideological conception - that of the idea of  muqawama (resistance) to the supposed ambitions of the West and Israel in the  region.
Ahmadinejad's and Assad's statements following their meeting  offer evidence of the depth and nature of the alliance.
The Iranian  president mocked US attempts at engagement, saying "We don't want honey from  bees that sting us. Efforts must be made to rid the region of the presence of  foreigners." He went on to demand US withdrawal from "Afghanistan and the  borders of Pakistan."
Ahmadinejad's speech radiated the sense that  Iranian defiance was bringing results. The Iranian president noted that those  who once sought to put pressure on Syria and Iran were now obliged to seek the  assistance of these countries.
"Harmony and steadfastness," he said, "are  the secret of victory." He went on to demand reform of the United Nations,  reiterating a claim he made in his recent Geneva speech that the international  body failed to reflect a world in which the balance of forces was  changing.
The Syrian president struck a similar tone. Assad said that  Ahmadinejad's visit confirmed once more the "strategic relationship" between the  two countries. He expressed the support of Syria and Iran for Palestinian  "resistance."
Assad then detailed Syria and Iran's common satisfaction regarding current  developments in Iraq, and noted Syria's support for the Iranian nuclear program.  He also cast an eye over the history of the relationship between the two  countries. He noted that Syria had supported Iran at the time of the Islamic  Revolution and in the subsequent Iran-Iraq War, and that Damascus had in return  benefited from Iranian support when under pressure in recent years.
The  words of the two presidents, for those listening closely, are instructive in  grasping both the principles and the interests underlying the Syrian-Iranian  alliance.
Regarding principles - the two speeches reflect the joint  adoption of a secular language of nationalist, anti-Western assertion which is  reminiscent of earlier times.
These ideas may have faded from view in the  West in recent years, but they retain popularity among broad populations in the  Arab world. The Iranians - non-Sunnis and non-Arabs - want to enlist this appeal  to their own banner, presenting themselves as the natural representative of all  those countries and forces opposing the West in the region.
Syria,  meanwhile, has long been the chief guardian among the Arabs of the archaic  slogans of third-worldism and defiance. Iranian rhetoric of this kind sits well  with the Syrians. The Assad regime, of course, is committed ultimately to its  own survival, and not to any ideological path. But there is no sense that an  alliance based on an appeal of this kind is in any way unnatural or  uncomfortable for the Syrians. On the contrary, it fits perfectly the defiant  stance that has enabled the Syrian Ba'athists to punch above their weight in the  region for a generation.
Regarding interests, Assad's whistle-stop tour  through the history of the relationship reminds us of its longevity.
The  mullahs in Teheran and the Ba'athist family dictatorship in Damascus have stuck  together for a long time.
The Syrian dictator's expressions of quiet  satisfaction at the current turn of events in Iraq, and Ahmadinejad's  characteristic tone of triumphalism confirm that the partnership continues to  bear fruit.
The next arena for the meeting point of Syrian and Iranian  principles and interests is Lebanon, which may shortly be added to the regional  alliance headed by these countries. Next month's Lebanese elections formed the  backdrop to Ahmadinejad's visit, and perhaps explain the hurried return of  Feltman and Shapiro. No doubt the two US officials will reassert the need for  noninterference in the upcoming polls, which the Hizbullah-led alliance is  favored to win.
Lebanon has long been the ideal arena for the meeting of  Iranian and Syrian principles and interests. It is worth remembering that as far  back as 1982, it was Syrian facilitation of the entry of 1,500 Iranian  Revolutionary Guards into the Lebanese Bekaa which made possible the subsequent  foundation of Hizbullah. This long investment may be about to pay off.
In  any case, the general direction of events in the region appears to the liking of  the two good friends from Damascus and Teheran - offering the prospect of many  good years of friendship to come.