
For  years, even decades, the federal government has been urging motorists  to drive fuel-efficient vehicles. In President Obama's first term, there  was even a "Cash for Clunkers" program, offering drivers a financial  reward if they traded in an old car for a more fuel-efficient new  vehicle. And apparently Americans have done too good a job of following  that government policy. Greater fuel efficiency means minimal or less  frequent purchases at the gas pump. Some motorists have switched to  hybrid or electric cars, which enables them to avoid the gas pumps  altogether. All of which results in lower revenue from federal and state  gas taxes, which means less money to build and repair roads and bridges  and fund myriad mass transit programs. So policymakers are looking at  taxing not the gas you buy, but the miles you travel.
 
 A Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) tax might not reduce air pollution  or the nation's dependence on foreign oil, the main reasons given for  government's campaign to get motorists into more fuel-efficient  vehicles. But it could raise more revenue and even be useful for traffic  control since it could tax motorists for driving into already congested  areas. But chances are drivers won't like being penalized for having  long commutes to work or going extra miles on vacation trips any more  than they would like paying more in taxes at the gas pumps. And at least  some of us might resent the invasion of privacy involved in having the  government track all our trips, short and long, to total up our mileage  bill. As described on the federal technology news site, Nextgov.com:
 
 It has long been a nightmare scenario for privacy advocates: Every  time you get in your car, a computer relays your location and tracks  your trip from start to finish. It can track how far you go, where you  drive, how long the trip is, and even how much traffic you encounter.
 
 For many drivers it is already a reality, as motorists take part  in ride-sharing programs such as Zipcar or Car2Go, though both services  record cars and drivers. E-Z passes enable drivers to zip through tolls  without the delay and inconvenience of stopping to pay, but the system  also creates electronic records of everyone's trips on toll roads. But  to have a Global Positioning System or some such device in every car to  track each motorist's comings and goings has overtones of an Orwellian  "Big Brother" government, watching you every move and knowing where you  are at all times. When then-Transportation Secretary Ray Lahood proposed  such a system in early 2009, NextGov.com recalled, the Obama  administration quickly disowned it, saying it was off the table. A  proposal to research a VMT system was left out of the 2012  transportation reauthorization bill. But some transportation experts  argue that Americans have already surrendered so much privacy for the  conveniences of modern technology that the intrusive watchfulness of a  VMT system should hardly bother us. 
 
 "Logic has not really entered into that discussion," said Joshua  Schank, president of the Eno Center for Transportation. "People have had  cell phones and private cell companies knowing where they travel for  years, but somehow that doesn't give them any more comfort if the  federal government is going to track their driving."
 
 Ride-sharing companies track trips for locations, speed, and  travel times, but have policies aimed at offering motorists some  assurance of privacy protection. Zipcar says it does "not actively track  or monitor vehicle location, and we do not store historical GPS data  regarding vehicle location." Uber, the rideshare and taxi service, uses  GPS and geolocation through its mobile app to see where users and  drivers are, but says the data is not shared with third parties and is  used only for purposes such as customizing services, promotions, and  data analytics.
 
 "There's really a lot less privacy with those systems because they  know at least where you are picked up and dropped off and someone's  keeping track of that," said Rob Atkinson, president of the Information  Technology and Innovation Foundation. "I have no reason to doubt that  these companies are trustworthy and it's possible that as people become  more comfortable with that, they'll see that there are less privacy  concerns."
 
 "I don't think that means we should be any less concerned about  the government doing something like this," said Gautum Hans, an attorney  with the Center for Democracy and Technology. He told Nextgov.com that  people may be more comfortable with a private company using location  tracking for business or research use, but "as we like to say, a private  company can't put you in jail." "Research is understood by individuals.  You can understand why a ride-sharing app would want to do research as  long as it's aggregated and takes steps to protect your privacy," he  said. "With the government, there are reasons you would be concerned,  whether it's the First Amendment and the freedom of association or how  the information is kept."
 
 A federal pilot program is already underway in Oregon, offering  5,000 volunteers a variety of options, including a smartphone app,  self-bought GPS systems, or even a flat fee that would require no  tracking at all. But if millions of motorists have switched to smaller,  more fuel efficient cars to escape rising prices at the gas pump, would  millions more not curtail needless trips to reduce their tax burden  under a VMT system? What will that do to vacation trips?
 
 Stay tuned for opposition from the travel and tourist industry.