
While European leaders are busy expressing public indignation over reports of  American espionage operations in the European Union, the European Parliament is  quietly considering a proposal that calls for the direct surveillance of any EU  citizen suspected of being "intolerant."
 Critics say the measure --  which seeks to force the national governments of all 28 EU member states to  establish "special administrative units" to monitor any individual or group  expressing views that the self-appointed guardians of European multiculturalism  deem to be "intolerant" -- represents an unparalleled threat to free speech in a  Europe where citizens are already regularly punished for expressing the "wrong"  opinions, especially about Islam.
 The proposed European Framework  National Statute for the Promotion of Tolerance was recently presented to  members of the Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs Committee of the  European Parliament, the only directly-elected body of the European  Union.
 The policy proposal was drafted by the European Council on  Tolerance and Reconciliation (ECTR), a non-governmental organization established  in Paris in 2008 by the former president of Poland, Aleksander Kwasniewski, and  the president of the European Jewish Congress, Moshe Kantor.
 The  ECTR -- which describes itself as a "tolerance watchdog" that "prepares  practical recommendations to governments and international organizations on  improving interreligious and interethnic relations on the continent" -- includes  on its board more than a dozen prominent European politicians, including former  Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar.
 The ECTR first presented  its proposal for a Europe-wide Law on Tolerance to the European Parliament in  November 2008 as part of the European Week of Tolerance that marked the 70th  anniversary of the Kristallnacht, a night of anti-Semitic violence that began  the Jewish Holocaust in Germany.
 After five years of lobbying in  Europe's halls of power, the ECTR proposal appears to be making headway, as  evidenced by the European Parliament's recent decision to give the group a  prominent 45-minute time slot to present its proposal to the Civil Liberties  committee on September 17.
 Also known as the "Model Statute for  Tolerance," the ECTR's proposal was presented as part of the EU's ongoing work  towards a new "Equal Treatment Directive" (ETD) that would vastly expand the  scope of discrimination to all sectors of life in both the public and private  spheres.
 Critics of the ETD, currently being negotiated within the  Council of the European Union, say the directive seeks to establish an  ill-conceived concept of "equal treatment" as a horizontal principle governing  the relationships between all and everyone, thus interfering with the right of  self-determination of all citizens.
 According to European Dignity  Watch, a civil rights watchdog based in Brussels,
 The principles of  freedom of contract and the freedom to live according to one's personal moral  views are in danger of being superseded by a newly developed concept of  'equality.' It would undermine freedom and self-determination for all Europeans  and subject the private life of citizens to legal uncertainty and the control of  bureaucrats. 
 It is about governmental control of social  behavior of citizens. These tendencies begin to give the impression of  long-passed totalitarian ideas and constitute an unprecedented attack on  citizens' rights.
 When viewed in the broader context of the ETD,  the ECTR document is so audacious in scope, while at the same time so vague in  defining its terminology, that critics say the proposal, if implemented, would  open a Pandora's Box of abuse, thereby effectively shutting down the right to  free speech in Europe.
 According to Section 1 (d), for example, the  term "tolerance" is broadly defined as "respect for and acceptance of the  expression, preservation and development of the distinct identity of a group."  Section 2 (d) states that the purpose of the statute is to "condemn all  manifestations of intolerance based on bias, bigotry and prejudice."
 An explanatory note to Section 2 states: "Religious intolerance is understood  to cover Islamophobia" but it provides no definition at all of "Islamophobia," a  term invented by the Muslim Brotherhood in the 1990s. If taken to its logical  conclusion, Section 2 would presumably ban all critical scrutiny of Islam and  Islamic Sharia law, a key objective of Muslim activist groups for more than two  decades.
 The document also declares that "tolerance must be  practiced not only by governmental bodies but equally by individuals." Section 3  (iv) elaborates on this: "Guarantee of tolerance must be understood not only as  a vertical relationship (government-to-individuals) but also as a horizontal  relationship (group-to-group and person-to-person). It is the obligation of the  government to ensure that intolerance is not practiced either in vertical or in  horizontal relationships."
 According to Section 4 (f) (i) of the  document: "There is no need to be tolerant to the intolerant. This is especially  important as far as freedom of expression is concerned." Section 5 (a) states:  "Tolerance (as defined in Section 1(d)) must be guaranteed to any group, whether  it has long-standing societal roots or it is recently formed, especially as a  result of migration from abroad."
 Section 6 states: "It goes  without saying that enactment of a Statute for the Promotion of Tolerance does  not suffice by itself. There must be a mechanism in place ensuring that the  Statute does not remain on paper and is actually implemented in the world of  reality."
 An explanatory note to Section 6 (a) states: "Members of  vulnerable and disadvantaged groups are entitled to a special protection,  additional to the general protection that has to be provided by the Government  to every person within the State." Another note adds: "The special protection  afforded to members of vulnerable and disadvantaged groups may imply a  preferential treatment. Strictly speaking, this preferential treatment goes  beyond mere respect and acceptance lying at the root of tolerance."
 Section 6 (b) demands that every one of the 28 member states of the EU "set up a  special administrative unit in order to supervise the implementation of this  Statute." An explanatory note adds: "The special administrative unit should  preferably operate within the Ministry of Justice (although the Ministry of the  Interior is another reasonable possibility)."
 Section 6 (c) calls  for the establishment of a "National Tolerance Monitoring Commission as an  independent body -- composed of eminent persons from outside the civil service  -- vested with the authority to promote tolerance." An explanatory note adds:  "The independent Commission will be empowered to express its views regarding  implementation of the Statute by all concerned. Implementation in this context  includes (but is not limited to) the imposition of penal sanctions."
 Section 7 (a) states: "The following acts will be regarded as criminal offences  punishable as aggravated crimes: Incitement to violence against a group and  group libel. "Group libel" is broadly defined as: "defamatory comments made in  public and aimed against a group or members thereof with a view to inciting to  violence, slandering the group, holding it to ridicule or subjecting it to false  charges."
 Section 7 (b) states that "Juveniles convicted of  committing crimes listed in paragraph (a) will be required to undergo a  rehabilitation program designed to instill in them a culture of tolerance."  Paragraph 7 (e) states that "victims of crimes listed in paragraph (a) will have  a legal standing to bring a case against the perpetrators, as well as a right to  redress." Paragraph 7 (f) states that "free legal aid will be offered to victims  of crimes listed in paragraph (a), irrespective of qualification in terms of  impecuniosity."
 Section 8 states that "the government shall ensure  that (a) Schools, from the primary level upwards, will introduce courses  encouraging students to accept diversity and promoting a climate of tolerance as  regards the qualities and cultures of others." An explanatory note adds: "It is  very important to start such courses as early as possible in the educational  program, i.e. in elementary school. Yet, these courses must be offered also at  higher levels of education, up to and including universities."
 Section 9 (a) states: "The government shall ensure that public broadcasting  (television and radio) stations will devote a prescribed percentage of their  program to promoting a climate of tolerance." Section 9 (b) adds: "The  government shall encourage all privately owned mass media (including the printed  press) to promote a climate of tolerance." Section 9 (c) states: "The government  shall encourage all the mass media (public as well as private) to adopt an  ethical code of conduct, which will prevent the spreading of intolerance and  will be supervised by a mass media complaints commission."
 The  document, if adopted by the European Parliament in its current form, would --  among other problems -- establish a right to a freedom from hurt feelings at the  expense of the freedom of speech and expression. 
 In practical  terms, critics say, the highly subjective definition of terms and concepts such  as "tolerance," "discrimination," "vulnerable," and "disadvantaged," amounts to  a legal straitjacket that would encourage frivolous litigation aimed at  silencing individuals and groups, or at finding circumlocutions that appear to  avoid violating these principles.
 "Faith-based groups and schools,  adherents of a particular religion or even just parents who want to teach their  children certain moral values would all be put under general suspicion of being  intolerant," according to European Dignity Watch.
 "Even worse, if  enshrined as EU policy, such language also could lead to the possibility that  charges are brought on unclear or even without legal grounds. The chilling  result of this would be the dramatic diminution (and possible disappearance) of  the fundamental freedom of expression -- individuals and groups would censor  themselves, afraid that they might be prosecuted for expressing their own  personal moral views," the NGO argues in a statement.
 "The authors  of this proposed statute -- under the aegis of an international NGO for  tolerance and reconciliation -- have invited the Civil Liberties, Justice and  Home Affairs Committee to endorse it as a legal project. But not only would an  adoption of this statute at the national level of the European states be a  significant step backward," the statement concludes, "but the supra-national  surveillance that it would imply would certainly be a dark day for European  democracy."