
In his four-day trip to Tehran, Russian Air Force Chief Gen. Viktor Bondarev and  his hosts, Brig. Gen. Hassan Shasafi and other senior Iranian military chiefs,  laid the groundwork for a series of agreements to upgrade their military ties to  a level unprecedented in their past relations. 
 debkafile’s  military and Iranian sources report that Iran is deliberately accentuating those  ties as a message to the Western powers that if they give the Islamic Republic a  hard time over its nuclear program, it will go all the way to a full-dress  defense pact with Russia.
 Moscow has its own reasons for being keen  to expand its military ties with Tehran:
 1. Signing defense accords  and arms transactions with Iran will give Russia its first serious military  foothold in the Persian Gulf;
 2. Moscow is not only seeking to  compete with the US military presence in the Gulf but also displace America and  China in the weapons markets of the Middle East.
 3. Major  Russian-Iranian arms deals will be a precedent for important weapons  transactions brokered by Saudi Arabia with Egypt. Moscow sees the shape of a  weapons-trading triangle that could be exploited in the future for Russia to  serve in the role of mediator between Riyadh and Tehran.
 These are  long term strategic goals for the Kremlin.
 Iran additionally keeps  at the front of its mind the potential for an Israeli or American military  strike on its nuclear program if the diplomatic track runs into the sand –  especially since the Islamic regime has no intention of giving up what it  considers its right to develop nuclear power and enrich uranium.
 That is the truth behind the make-believe posture in some Western circles that  Iran offered the Geneva conference last week a list of concessions on its  nuclear program.
 Tehran has put in special requests for massive  Russian technological assistance for upgrading its missile industry by extending  the range of their ballistic missiles and improving their precision. The  Iranians also see a chance to renovate their aging air force and have applied  for Russian fighters, interceptors, transports and refueling planes as well as  training facilities for air force flight crews.
 After Moscow  refused to deliver them advanced S-300 anti-air missile systems, the Iranians  set up programs for developing home-made products. They claim to have built  their own S-200 interceptor missiles and are offering to shell out hefty sums  for the purchase of new Russian technology to improve them.
 The  visiting Russian air force chief therefore had plenty to discuss with his  Iranian hosts. Especially significant was his visit Monday, Oct. 21 to the  Iranian anti-air command at Khatam Al-Anbiya and his conversation with its head,  Brig. Gen. Farzad Esmaili.