
Iran and the world powers will start negotiations on Iran's nuclear plan  Tuesday, and Mark Dubowitz, an expert on the sanctions on Iran, claims the  Islamic Republic is playing a brilliant chess game while the West is aware of  only half the board.
 "Iran wants to test Obama's courage and  Europe's greed, to see if it can improve its economic situation without  relinquishing its 'right' to enriching uranium," he warned in an interview for  Ynet.
 Dubowitz, the executive director of the Foundation for  Defense of Democracies, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank which focuses on  national security and foreign policy, claimed that "Iran's situation is hard,  but not desperate. They can continue on the same path with foreign currency  reserves for at least another year.
 "Because of the sanctions, Iran  has $80 billion lying in foreign banks, 50 of which are in China, India, Japan,  South Korea and Turkey, all clients of Iranian oil.
 "Iran can spend  this money only in these countries because of the sanctions leveled against it,  but there's a limit to what it's willing to buy there. Meanwhile the money's  piling up from further oil profits. Another $20 billion are in Russia, Austria,  Switzerland, and maybe also in Malaysia and Georgia. Iran has full access to  these funds."
 According to Dubowitz, the countries last mentioned  "are not willing to enforce the sanctions properly, especially the Russians." He  added another $10 billion are stuck in various banks around the world, mainly in  Europe, due to concerns of cooperation with the ostracized regime.
 "The Iranians have enough money pay for foreign imports. Even though most of the  Iranian stores now sell Chinese merchandise instead of German, as they did  before, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's will won't break."
 Secret  funds
 According to Dubowitz, this information is the result of the  effort of a team of experts and analysts from the Roubini Global Economics firm,  which worked together with the FDD and authored a report which describes the  flow of money to Iran from over 170 countries.
 "Our report has a  part that deals with Iranian money that doesn't appear in the books. Beyond the  $80 billion I've mentioned, there are tens of billions of dollars we believe are  controlled by Khamenei, by the Quds Force commander (the undercover arm of the  Revolutionary Guard, which plans attacks abroad) Qasem Soleimani and by  additional elements in the regime.
 "These are assets, holdings,  investments and real estate. It's possible that what we discovered is a drop in  the ocean," Dubowitz said.
 Sanctions not enough
 While  the FDD believe the international sanctions dealt Iran a painful blow, they  claim they did not change the game – the Tehran regime is not concern by the  possibility of an American military action and damage to its nuclear  program.
 "There's a lot of pressure on the Iranian economy. This is  the only reason Iran has agreed to the talks," Dubowitz said. "The sanctions are  not as great as they say. So far, they haven't stopped Iran's plan to acquire  nuclear arms. The sanctions should have been maximal, to bring Iran's economy to  the edge of collapse. They were also supposed to make Khamenei realize he must  stop the nuclear program or suffer an economic breakdown that will threaten the  regime. We're not even close to that. And every day that goes by, the Iranians  are finding loopholes, the sanctions are not enforced, and no new sanctions are  promoted."
 Over the last few weeks Iran's President Hassan Rohani  unleashed what the media termed a "charm offensive," which included moderate  remarks and reaching out in peace to the West, especially to the US. Rohani's  apparent moderation led the five world powers – the US, Britain, Russia, France  and China – together with Germany, to resume the talks with the Islamic  Republic.
 "Countries around the world are feeling the wind is  changing, and they're less afraid of doing business with Iran and of losing  future profits due to deals with it," Dubowitz said.
 He also warned  that "the Obama administration continues to believe the current sanctions are  strong enough to fundemantaly change Khamenei's calculations. But the Iranians  are entering the negotiations with an advantage. This is based on the fact that  every day the centrifuges keep spinning and new ones are installed. The Iranians  are stockpiling more uranium and making headway in plutonium  production."
 On the other side, Dubowitz claimed, "No one believes  Obama will attack in Iran. Our only advantage is the sanctions."
 Iranian advantage
 The American expert thinks Obama's administration  already hinted at what it's willing to give up even before the negotiations  began. "Under Secretary of State Wendy Sherman was asked last week at the  Senate's Foreign Relations Committee hearing if the US will object to allowing  Iran enrich uranium, and she answered that this is the US's maximal stance. If I  sit in Tehran and watch this hearing, I reach the conclusion that this is the  US's opening position and that it can be lowered. The result: Iran's stance is  that uranium enrichment is its non-negotiable right."
 On Sunday,  Iran signaled that it will not allow its current stock of enriched uranium to be  shipped out of the country as part of any deal. The Iranian negotiation team  chief, Abbas Araghchi, said that “The shipping of materials out of the country  is our red line.”
Iran also said it is prepared to negotiate over “the  form, amount, and various levels of (uranium) enrichment," though they will not  cease it altogether.
 According to Dubowitz, many signs have already  been registered as to the West's folding in the face of Iran. "Everyone are  preparing the negotiation table for concessions. Everyone wants a deal. Iran  must soften the world's objections to enrichment to only 3.5% and then one day,  at Tehran's ease, we'll wake up to a new reality."